{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:26:00Z","timestamp":1759332360053,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> is the most common soil-transmitted helminth and infects 447 million people in impoverished areas worldwide. It causes serious morbidity including wheezing and influences various aspects of human immunity, such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells, regulatory T cell function, and acquired immunity. Thus, it is crucial to elucidate its influence on human immunity. We aimed to classify wheezing children based on their <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection intensity and other risk factors using hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the mechanisms of and the degree to which <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> contributes to childhood wheezing in rural Bangladesh. We analyzed relevant data collected in 2001. The participants included 219 5-year-old wheezing children who were randomly selected from 1705 children living in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using variables of history of pneumonia, total and specific immunoglobulin E levels, <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection intensity, and parental asthma. Three distinct wheezing groups were identified. Children in Cluster 1 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>50<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) had the highest titers of the total, anti-<jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>, anti-<jats:italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>, and anticockroach IgEs and experienced the fewest episodes of pneumonia. Cluster 2 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>114<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), the largest group, experienced few episodes of pneumonia and had the lowest titers of the total, anti-<jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>, anti-Dp, and anticockroach IgEs. Cluster 3 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>32<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) consisted of participants with the most episodes of pneumonia and lower titers of the total and specific IgEs. The extremely high prevalence of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection found in Clusters 1-3 was 78%, 77%, and 72%, respectively. Childhood wheezing in rural Bangladesh could be divided into three groups, with 26% of wheezing attributable to anti-<jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> IgE and 16% to history of pneumonia during early childhood, and 58% might have been due to <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection without elevated anti-<jats:italic>Ascari<\/jats:italic>s IgE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4236825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T18:30:57Z","timestamp":1575570657000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Classification of Wheezing Children in Rural Bangladesh by Intensity of <i>Ascaris<\/i> Infection, Total and Specific IgE Levels, History of Pneumonia, and Other Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-1947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haruko","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Alfazal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalequz","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-4072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. 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Tafsir","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Scientist, Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School of Humanities and Life Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, 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