{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:47:41Z","timestamp":1787017661301,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Discovery Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The scintigraphy with radiolabelled autologous leukocytes (WBCs) is considered the gold-standard technique for imaging infections. Leukokit\u00ae is a commercially available, disposable, sterile kit for labelling WBCs ex vivo. In this kit, WBCs isolation from red blood cells (RBCs) was performed using poly(O-2-hydroxyethyl)starch (HES) as the RBCs sedimentation agent. Due to its poor availability, HES has been recently replaced by Gelofusine as the RBC sedimentation agent. The aim of this study was to compare the labelling efficiency and the diagnostic accuracy of WBCs labelled with Leukokit\u00ae with HES vs Leukokit\u00ae with Gelofusine. WBCs were isolated using HES or Gelofusine for 45\u2009minutes and then purified from platelets (PLTs) and labelled with 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009GBq of freshly prepared\n                    <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tc-HMPAO. The following parameters were evaluated: the number and type of recovered WBCs, RBCs contamination, PLTs contamination, vitality of neutrophils, and chemotactic properties of neutrophils. Clinical comparison was performed between 80 patients (33 males; age 67.5\u2009\u00b1\u200914.2) injected with\n                    <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tc-HMPAO-WBCs, using HES as the sedimentation agent, and 92 patients (38 males; age 68.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8) injected with\n                    <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tc-HMPAO-WBCs using Gelofusine as the sedimentation agent. Patients were affected by prosthetic joint infections, peripheral bone osteomyelitis, or vascular graft infection. We compared radiolabelling efficiency (LE), final recovery yield (RY), and diagnostic outcome based on microbiology or 2-year follow-up. Results showed that HES provides the lowest RBCs and PLTs contamination, but Gelofusine provides the highest WBC recovery. Both agents did not influence the chemotactic properties of WBCs, and no differences were found in terms of LE and RY. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also not significantly different for WBCs labelled with both agents (diagnostic accuracy 90.9%, CI\u2009=\u200974.9\u201396.1 vs 98.3%, CI\u2009=\u200990.8\u2013100, for HES and Gelofusine, respectively). In conclusion, Gelofusine can be considered a suitable alternative of HES for WBCs separation and labelling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4368342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T19:31:52Z","timestamp":1553542312000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Labelling and Clinical Performance of Human Leukocytes Labelled with\n                    <sup>99m<\/sup>\n                    Tc-HMPAO Using Leukokit\u00ae with Gelofusine versus Leukokit\u00ae with HES as Sedimentation Agent"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7183-1982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Auletta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Riolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3439-6010","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F.","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-648X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Signore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.17.03045-X"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.17.02964-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2631-4"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.17.02975-2"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666171122111558"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1394-4"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1393-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"8","first-page":"400","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular 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