{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:59:29Z","timestamp":1761490769187,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["143-20899P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["143-20899P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction.<\/jats:italic>In addition to the \u201cgold standard\u201d of therapy\u2014steroids and gene therapy\u2013there are experimental trials using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The aim of this study was to present the biochemical changes in blood after repeating cycles of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor G-CSF therapy in children with DMD.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods.<\/jats:italic>Nineteen patients, aged 5 to 15 years, with diagnosed DMD confirmed by genetic tests, participated; nine were in wheelchairs, and ten were mobile and independent. Patients had a clinical assessment and laboratory tests to evaluate hematological parameters and biochemistry. G-CSF (5<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/kg\/day) was given subcutaneously for five days during five nonconsecutive months over the course of a year.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>We found a significant elevation of white blood cells, and the level of leucocytes returned to norm after each cycle. No signs of any inflammatory process were found by monitoring C-reactive protein. We did not detect significant changes in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelet levels or coagulation parameters. We found a significant elevation of uric acid, with normalization after finishing each treatment cycle. A significant decrease of the mean value activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) of the G-CSF treatment was noted. After each five days of therapy, the level of cholesterol was significantly lowered. Also, glucose concentration significantly decreased after the fourth cycle.<jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>G-SCF decreased the aminotransferases activity, cholesterol level, and glucose level in patients with DMD, which may be important for patients with DMD and metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4789101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T19:31:04Z","timestamp":1552505464000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biochemical Changes in Blood of Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treated with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1118-9139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Ku\u0142ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Paszko-Patej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Okurowska-Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bialystok Technical University, Bialystok, 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