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Previous studies have shown that CHOP is involved in the formation of fibrosis in a variety of tissues and is associated with alternative macrophage activation. The role of CHOP in the pathologic effects of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis has not been reported, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed at understanding the effect of CHOP on liver fibrosis induced by<jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>) in vivo and clarifying its mechanism. C57BL\/6 mice were infected with cercariae of<jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>through the abdominal skin. The liver fibrosis was examined. The level of IL-13 was observed. The expressions of CHOP, Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), phosphorylation STAT6, interleukin-13 receptor alpha 1 (IL-13R<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1), and interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4R<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) were analysed. The eosinophilic granuloma and collagen deposition were found around the eggs in mice infected for 6 and 10 weeks. IL-13 in plasma and IL-13R<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 and IL-4R<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>in liver tissue were significantly increased. The phosphorylated STAT6 was enhanced while Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was decreased in liver tissue. The expression of CHOP and colocalization of CHOP and CD206 were increased. Overall, these results suggest that CHOP plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis induced by<jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>, likely through promoting alternative activation of macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5148575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T13:22:02Z","timestamp":1575292922000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["C\/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Activates Macrophages and Promotes Liver Fibrosis in<i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>-Infected Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9783-9018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengyun","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, 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