{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:10:33Z","timestamp":1768277433842,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]],"date-time":"2019-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546732800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Tianjin","award":["17ZXMFSY00210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZXMFSY00210"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Tianjin","award":["81600509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600509"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17ZXMFSY00210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZXMFSY00210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> Splenectomy can improve liver function and survival in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and liver cirrhosis. We investigated the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of concanavalin A- (ConA-) induced liver fibrosis.<jats:italic> Methods.<\/jats:italic> We used ConA to induce immune liver fibrosis in BALB\/c mice. Splenectomy was performed alone or with the administration of dexamethasone (DEX). Changes in blood and liver tissues were evaluated.<jats:italic> Results.<\/jats:italic> Mice treated with ConA for 7 weeks developed advanced liver fibrosis, while splenectomy suppressed liver fibrosis. Although the populations of macrophages\/monocytes and M1 macrophages decreased after splenectomy, the inflammatory factors associated with M2 macrophages increased after splenectomy. Furthermore, the population of circulating <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">b<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">y<\/mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">6<\/mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math> myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increased after splenectomy. After ConA treatment, elevated levels of activated and total NF-kBp65\/p50 combined with DNA were observed in hepatic tissues. In contrast, the levels of NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B p65\/p50 decreased after splenectomy.<jats:italic> Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Splenectomy may promote the polarization of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">b<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">y<\/mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">6<\/mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math> MDSCs and the differentiation of M2 macrophages while restricting the level of NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B p65-p50 heterodimers. These factors may suppress the progression of liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5756189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]],"date-time":"2019-01-06T18:33:13Z","timestamp":1546799593000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Splenectomy Promotes Macrophage Polarization in a Mouse Model of Concanavalin A- (ConA-) Induced Liver Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6607-4534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaopei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8075-5689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guohui","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0424-7348","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2140-3231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bangmao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, 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