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The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150\u2009pg\/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5878960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T19:31:07Z","timestamp":1565292667000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Silvia Martina","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poupak","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 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