{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:15:14Z","timestamp":1772824514932,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546473600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81573843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81573843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLMH2018K03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLMH2018K03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health","award":["81573843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81573843"]}]},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health","award":["KLMH2018K03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLMH2018K03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To clarify the effectiveness and mechanism of the Chinese herbal formula<jats:italic> Xingpi Kaiyu Fang<\/jats:italic> (XPKYF) which is composed of<jats:italic> American ginseng<\/jats:italic> (Xi-Yang-shen),<jats:italic> Radix curcumae<\/jats:italic> (Yu-Jin),<jats:italic> Acori tatarinowii rhizoma<\/jats:italic> (Shi-Chang-pu), and<jats:italic> Hypericum perforatum<\/jats:italic> (Guan-Ye-lian-qiao) in depressed rats.<jats:italic> Methods<\/jats:italic>. The rat model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method for 6 weeks. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, CUMS group, CUMS+XPKYF (3.6g\/kg\/d, 7.2g\/kg\/d, 14.4g\/kg\/d) groups, and CUMS+sertraline (4.5mg\/kg\/d) group. The sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test were performed to assess the rats\u2019 depression behavior. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, sodium potassium ATPase (Na\/K-ATPase) activity, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities in hippocampus and gastrocnemius muscle were measured at the <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">4<\/mml:mn><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">n<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">d<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> day.<jats:italic> Results<\/jats:italic>. Rats subjected to six weeks of CUMS exhibited decreased sucrose preference ratio and prolonged immobility time. CUMS reduced ATP content in hippocampus, decreased Na\/K-ATPase activity and respiratory chain complex I, III, and IV activities in hippocampus and gastrocnemius muscle, and damaged mitochondrial ultrastructure of hippocampus and gastrocnemius muscle. XPKYF at 14.4g\/kg, the efficacy trend of which was better than the other drug groups, could prevent the stress-induced depressed behavior changes, inhibit the decrease of Na\/K-ATPase activity in hippocampus, inhibit the decrease of respiratory chain complex III activities in hippocampus and gastrocnemius muscle, and protect mitochondria from ultrastructural damage.<jats:italic> Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Energy deficiency and damaged mitochondrial ultrastructure were found in hippocampus and gastrocnemius muscle of depressed rats established by CUMS. XPKYF could partly reverse alterations in ATP, Na\/K-ATPase, and respiratory chain complexes of hippocampus and gastrocnemius muscle and protect mitochondria from ultrastructural damage. This provides another experimental evidence for the clinical application of XPKYF in the treatment of depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6054926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T18:31:53Z","timestamp":1546540313000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of<i> Xingpi Kaiyu Fang<\/i> on ATP, Na\/K-ATPase, and Respiratory Chain Complexes of Hippocampus and Gastrocnemius Muscle in Depressed Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9325-5592","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingjie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, 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