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This study investigated the phytochemical composition of the crude extract and fractions of<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>fruit and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and effect on cell viability<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Characterization of polyphenols present in crude extract (CE), hydroalcoholic fractions of 20-80% ethanol (CE20, CE40, CE60, and CE80), aqueous fraction (AqF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions of<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>fruit was performed by chromatographic analysis<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using a carrageenan-induced peritonitis model submitted to a leukocyte migration assay and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) analysis. Total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed to evaluate the oxidative stress level. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate test.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>cell viability was determined by using MTT assay in a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (3T3 cells).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Chromatography revealed the presence of ellagic acid content in EAF (3.06), CE (2.96), and CE40 (2.89). Gallic acid was found in EAF (12.03), CE 20 (4.43), and CE (3.99).<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>crude extract and all fractions significantly reduced leukocyte migration and MPO activity (p&lt;0.001).<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>antioxidant effect was observed through high levels of total glutathione and reduction of MDA levels (p&lt;0.001). Acetic acid-induced nociception was significantly inhibited after administration of<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>crude extract and all fractions (p&lt;0.001). Crude extract and all fractions significantly increased the viability of the 3T3 cell line (p&lt;0.05).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The appropriate extraction procedure preserves the chemical components of<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>fruit, such as gallic acid and ellargic acid. Crude extract and fractions of<jats:italic>L. ferrea<\/jats:italic>fruit exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive activities<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and enhanced cell viability<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6064805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T18:34:21Z","timestamp":1550774061000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Libidibia ferrea<\/i>Fruit Crude Extract and Fractions Show Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antinociceptive Effect<i>In Vivo<\/i>and Increase Cell Viability<i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Tamires Rocha","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, UFRN, Natal, RN, 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