{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:32:43Z","timestamp":1770748363738,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>The aim of this study was to investigate the tongue cleaning habits using toothbrushes among outpatients of the University of Fukui Hospital and a private hospital in Fukui Prefecture.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>We administered a questionnaire survey to volunteers detailing tongue cleaning habits using toothbrushes. The content of the questions in this survey were as follows: gender, age, frequency of tongue cleaning, portion of tongue cleaning, and purposes of tongue cleaning.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>We had 1,014 volunteers of various ages participating in this study. Regarding the frequency of tongue cleaning, 187 (18.4%) of all participants replied, \u201cEvery day\u201d, and 346 (34.1%) replied, \u201cSometimes\u201d. Regarding tongue cleaning of the 533 participants with active tongue cleaning habits, 242 (45.4%) participants replied, \u201cThe center of the dorsum of the tongue\u201d, and 274 (51.4%) replied, \u201cThe entire tongue\u201d. When analyzing the purpose of tongue cleaning, 346 (64.9%) participants replied, \u201cTo remove the tongue stain\u201d, 192 (36.0%) participants replied, \u201cTo remove the tongue coating\u201d, and 240 (45.0%) participants replied, \u201cTo manage halitosis\u201d.<jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>This study clarified that a wide range of age groups in the nonhospitalized general public practiced tongue cleaning habits using a toothbrush for various purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6320261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:35:48Z","timestamp":1572914148000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of Tongue Cleaning Using a Toothbrush: A Questionnaire Survey in Fukui Prefecture, 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