{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:42:33Z","timestamp":1763642553733,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]],"date-time":"2019-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background and Aims<\/jats:italic>. Currently, it is well known that Helicobacter pylori- (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-) related peptic ulcer is one of the main causes of nonvariceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. However, there is a lack of data to identify the exact effect of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection on variceal bleeding. This study was conducted to identify the impact of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection on gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.<jats:italic>Patients and Methods<\/jats:italic>. 76 cirrhotic patients with gastric varices were included in this prospective study and divided into 2 groups: nonbleeding gastric varices (32 patients) and bleeding gastric varices (44 patients). The fasting serum gastrin level was measured. Mucosal biopsies from the gastric body and antrum were examined to determine the patterns of gastritis and the presence of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The frequency of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection in the studied patients was 59.2%. There were significant differences between both groups regarding liver decompensation (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), red color sign over gastric varices (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0011<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), prevalence of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0049<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), histological patterns of gastritis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0069<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and serum gastrin level (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0200<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). By multivariate analysis, Child C cirrhosis, red color sign over gastric varices, and<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-induced follicular gastritis were independent risk factors for bleeding from gastric varices.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-induced follicular gastritis is considered as an additional risk factor for bleeding from gastric varices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6529420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]],"date-time":"2019-02-10T18:35:46Z","timestamp":1549823746000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Variceal Bleeding among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Elsebaey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-0535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samah A.","family":"Elshweikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal Saad","family":"Negm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Elnaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghada Mahmoud","family":"Alghazaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4366-2218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sherief","family":"Abd-Elsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox007"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50385"},{"issue":"1","key":"4","first-page":"25","volume":"25","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.015"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30866-X","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Hepatology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.048181"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1687-1693.200147"},{"issue":"43","key":"9","first-page":"208","volume":"49","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10","first-page":"26","volume":"4","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12221"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160607"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2009.00929.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2013.7.6.704"},{"issue":"3","key":"16","first-page":"224","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250209"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)45080-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"19","first-page":"137","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Applied Sciences Journal"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000928"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2008.23.1.16"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-3150-y"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)01633-0"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1677-x"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011663"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16663395"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.1993.8.1.19"},{"issue":"2, article a734","key":"29","volume":"128","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-011-0472-0"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02776944"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2016.1247855"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i18.2136"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-005-2_23"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.129477"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9067583"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12395"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003879"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/grp\/2019\/6529420.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/grp\/2019\/6529420.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/grp\/2019\/6529420.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T09:37:37Z","timestamp":1573897057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/grp\/2019\/6529420\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["6529420","6529420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6529420","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-6121","1687-630X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-6121"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-630X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]]}}}