{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:09:10Z","timestamp":1770815350080,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was undertaken to evaluate the activities of water\/ethanol<jats:italic>Cola anomala<\/jats:italic>pods extract.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method; the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by agar dilution technique.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, shigellosis was induced in healthy Wistar albino rats by oral administration of<jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>inoculum, 12\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/mL. At the onset of diarrhea, infected and normal control animals were subdivided into various groups treated with distilled water, with water\/ethanol<jats:italic>Cola anomala<\/jats:italic>pods extract at 25, 50, or 100\u2009mg\/kg, or with ciprofloxacin, 2.5\u2009mg\/kg. After one-week treatment, rats were sacrificed, and blood and colon were collected. Blood was used for blood cell count. A portion of the colon served for histological studies while homogenate from the remaining part was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for the determination of NO, PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>levels.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, water\/ethanol<jats:italic>Cola anomala<\/jats:italic>pods extract showed to be bactericidal, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.0\u2009mg\/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 3.0\u2009mg\/mL. In diarrheic rats, the extract significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) increased the white blood cells and significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) decreased stool<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>density from the first to the seventh day of treatment. It partially restored the structure of eroded intestine epithelium and prevented weight loss; the dose dependently and significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) decreased NO, IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>production in the colon and was found to have no significant effect on PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>production. These results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6706230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T23:33:09Z","timestamp":1573515189000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-Shigellosis Activity of<i>Cola anomala<\/i>Water\/Ethanol Pods Extract on<i>Shigella flexneri-<\/i>Induced Diarrhea in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Henri","family":"Wambe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7938-4443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul Aim\u00e9","family":"Noubissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-9788","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michel Archange","family":"Fokam Tagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, P.O. Box 454, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e8le","family":"Foyet Fondjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences for Health, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Gulf of Guinea, P.O. Box 12489, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan Olivier","family":"Fankem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Idrice","family":"Kamtchouing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ngakou Mukam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-6927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T\u00e9lesphore B\u00e9no\u00eet","family":"Nguelefack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-0986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Kamgang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. 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