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This study retrospectively evaluated gonadotropin-induced spermatogenesis outcome in CHH patients with cryptorchidism (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940). One hundred and eighty-three CHH patients without cryptorchidism were served as control. All patients received combined gonadotropins therapy (HCG and HMG) and were followed up for at least 6 months. The median follow-up period was 24 (15, 33) months (totally 960 person-months). Sperm (&gt;0\/ml) initially appeared in semen at a median of estimated 24 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.8\u201330.2). Twenty (20\/40, 50%) patients succeeded in producing sperms, and the average time to produce first sperm was 19\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009months. Five pregnancies were achieved in 9 (5\/9, 56%) couples who desired for children. Compared with CHH patients without cryptorchidism (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009183), cryptorchid patients had longer median time for sperm appearance in semen (24 months vs. 15 months,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), lower rate of spermatogenesis (50% vs. 67%,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>0.032<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), and lower mean sperm concentration (1.9 (0.5, 8.6) million\/ml vs. 11.1(1.0, 25.0) million\/ml,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>0.006<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) at the last visit. In conclusion, CHH patients with cryptorchidism require a longer period for gonadotropin-induced spermatogenesis. The successful rate and sperm concentration were lower than patients without cryptorchidism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6743489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T18:31:43Z","timestamp":1576693903000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Gonadotropin-Induced Spermatogenesis in CHH Patients with Cryptorchidism"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7016-5917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaoxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0157-1545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiangfeng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingkun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Beijing, 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