{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:15:05Z","timestamp":1784265305036,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Fund of Science and Technology Department, Jilin","award":["20180101010JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180101010JC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To investigate the effects of cod-liver oil on metabolic status and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with the allocation ratio of 1\u2009:\u20091. The contents of EPA and DHA in cod-liver oil were measured using a gas chromatograph. A total of 550 GDM patients were randomly divided into the intervention group (cod-liver oil) and the control group (placebo, mineral oil), and both groups were given regular dietary care. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), lipid profiles, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hs-CRP were measured. Primary outcomes were different in HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, and HOMA-IR between the two groups after 4-week randomization. Secondary outcomes were the blood glucose levels and perinatal complications (pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, premature delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, premature rupture of membranes, and cesarean section) between the two groups before and after 12-16 weeks of cod-liver oil intervention from middle pregnancy to late pregnancy.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. EPA and DHA were the main components of cod-liver oil with 76\u2009mg\/mL and 150\u2009mg\/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference for primary outcomes in the levels of HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles between the two groups (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). For the secondary outcomes, the levels of HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C), HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The incidence of perinatal complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group too (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Cod-liver oil consumption effectively reduced the levels of blood glucose, lipid levels, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR and the incidence of perinatal complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7074042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T23:31:16Z","timestamp":1577575876000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cod-Liver Oil Improves Metabolic Indices and hs-CRP Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Shuli","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 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