{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:45:28Z","timestamp":1787244328755,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560816000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Liege Autism Center","award":["3;4.540.09.F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3;4.540.09.F"]}]},{"name":"University of Liege Autism Center","award":["8202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8202"]}]},{"name":"Fonds National de Recherches Scientifiques","award":["3;4.540.09.F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3;4.540.09.F"]}]},{"name":"Fonds National de Recherches Scientifiques","award":["8202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000073","name":"Autism Speaks","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3;4.540.09.F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3;4.540.09.F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000073","name":"Autism Speaks","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast to multiple rare monogenetic abnormalities, a common biomarker among children with infantile autism and their parents is the discovery of serum autoantibodies directed to the folate receptor alpha (FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) localized at blood-brain and placental barriers, impairing physiologic folate transfer to the brain and fetus. Since outcome after behavioral intervention remains poor, a trial was designed to treat folate receptor alpha (FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) autoimmunity combined with correction of deficient nutrients due to abnormal feeding habits.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All participants with nonsyndromic infantile autism underwent a routine protocol measuring CBC, iron, vitamins, coenzyme Q10, metals, and trace elements. Serum FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    autoantibodies were assessed in patients, their parents, and healthy controls. A self-controlled therapeutic trial treated nutritional derangements with addition of high-dose folinic acid if FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    autoantibodies tested positive. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) monitored at baseline and following 2 years of treatment was compared to the CARS of untreated autistic children serving as a reference.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this self-controlled trial (82 children; mean age \u00b1 SD: 4.4 \u00b1 2.3 years; male:female ratio: 4.8:1), FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    autoantibodies were found in 75.6 % of the children, 34.1 % of mothers, and 29.4 % of fathers versus 3.3 % in healthy controls. Compared to untreated patients with autism (n=84) whose CARS score remained unchanged, a 2-year treatment decreased the initial CARS score from severe (mean \u00b1 SD: 41.34 \u00b1 6.47) to moderate or mild autism (mean \u00b1 SD: 34.35 \u00b1 6.25; paired t-test p&lt;0.0001), achieving complete recovery in 17\/82 children (20.7 %). Prognosis became less favorable with the finding of higher FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    autoantibody titers, positive maternal FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    autoantibodies, or FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in both parents.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Correction of nutritional deficiencies combined with high-dose folinic acid improved outcome for autism, although the trend of a poor prognosis due to maternal FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies or FR\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in both parents may warrant folinic acid intervention before conception and during pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7486431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T19:36:07Z","timestamp":1560886567000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Improving Outcome in Infantile Autism with Folate Receptor Autoimmunity and Nutritional Derangements: A Self-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1076-762X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincent 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