{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:47:15Z","timestamp":1788306435190,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["2019PY010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PY010"]}]},{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["Y20180713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20180713"]}]},{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["81700884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700884"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Commission","award":["2019PY010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PY010"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Commission","award":["Y20180713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20180713"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Commission","award":["81700884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700884"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019PY010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PY010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y20180713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20180713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To study the development of refractive status from 36\u2009weeks to one year of postmenstrual age and to identify factors that contribute to development of myopia, including gender, birth weight, gestational age, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Premature infants underwent full cycloplegic retinoscopy at 36\u2009weeks, 38\u2009weeks, 40\u2009weeks, 42\u2009weeks, 44\u2009weeks, 46\u2009weeks, 48\u2009weeks, 3\u2009months, 6\u2009months, 9\u2009months, and 12\u2009months of postmenstrual age. The infants were grouped by gender, birth weight, gestational age, and the severity of ROP to evaluate the correlation with refractive status at each postmenstrual age.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. A total of 942 infants were recruited in this study. A total of 2716 readings were obtained. Refractive state had a hyperopic shift until 46\u2009weeks of postmenstrual age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.42,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). After that, the mean spherical equivalent (SE) gradually declined (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.30,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Boys had lower hyperopia than girls at nine months (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.10,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and one year (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.34,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) of postmenstrual age. Premature infants with ROP had a lower average SE at most of the postmenstrual ages; however, this value did not vary significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Premature infants with severe ROP were less hyperopic than those without it at every postmenstrual age, and the average SE differed significantly at one year of postmenstrual age (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.60,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.011<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). There was no significant difference between each birth weight and gestational age (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The dioptric value of premature infants within one year was generally hyperopic. Different gender, birth weight, gestational age, and ROP did not affect the overall development of refractive status. Females may have higher hyperopia at nine months of postmenstrual age. Birth weight and gestational age had little effect on change of refractive status. Severe ROP was an important contributing factor in myopia progression, which may be related to the treatment required. Further study may be carried out to understand the mechanism behind myopia progression in premature infants, including changes in refractive system parameters and emmetropization process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7683749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T23:33:16Z","timestamp":1559604796000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors That Influence Refractive Changes in the First Year of Myopia Development in Premature Infants"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimeng","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 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