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mostly in developing countries. <jats:italic>Ruta graveolens<\/jats:italic> (Rutaceae) is a plant used in folk medicine to treat several diseases, including parasitic infections. In this study, we reported the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> schistosomicidal activity of the <jats:italic>R. graveolens<\/jats:italic> extract (<jats:bold>Rg<\/jats:bold>) and its active fraction (<jats:bold>Rg-FAE<\/jats:bold>). Also, the characterization of <jats:bold>Rg-FAE<\/jats:bold> by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis and its <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antileishmanial activity against <jats:italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic> were also performed. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> schistosomicidal assays were assessed against adult worms of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, while cell viability against peritoneal macrophages was measured by MTT assay. <jats:bold>Rg<\/jats:bold> (100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL) exhibited noticeable schistosomicidal activity, causing 100% mortality and decreasing motor activity of all adult male and female schistosomes, but with low activity against <jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. After chromatographic fractionation of <jats:bold>Rg<\/jats:bold>, fraction <jats:bold>Rg-FAE<\/jats:bold> was obtained, showing high activity against adult schistosomes. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of <jats:bold>Rg-FAE<\/jats:bold> revealed the presence of eleven alkaloids and one furanocoumarin. No significant antileishmanial activity was found for <jats:bold>Rg<\/jats:bold>, while <jats:bold>Rg-FAE<\/jats:bold> exhibited activity against <jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic> promastigotes. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the <jats:italic>R. graveolens<\/jats:italic> extract (<jats:bold>Rg<\/jats:bold>) and its alkaloid-rich fraction (<jats:bold>Rg-FAE<\/jats:bold>) are active against adult worms of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, with no significant cytotoxicity on macrophages. Our findings open the route to further antiparasitic studies with the active fraction of <jats:italic>R. graveolens<\/jats:italic> and its identified compounds, especially alkaloids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7909137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T18:30:38Z","timestamp":1573929038000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i> Schistosomicidal Activity of the Alkaloid-Rich Fraction from <i>Ruta graveolens<\/i> L. 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