{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T23:14:33Z","timestamp":1774307673269,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81241105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81241105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7142062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7142062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81241105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81241105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7142062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7142062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>. To investigate the association of serum autoantibodies against M2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (anti-M2-R) with atrial fibrosis in long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Twenty-four long-standing persistent AF patients, scheduled to undergo hybrid ablation surgery, were enrolled in the study. Twenty-six patients with sinus rhythm, scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, were enrolled into the non-AF group. We detected serum anti-M2-R levels. Left atrial appendages were subjected to histological and molecular biological assays. Patients in the AF group received follow-up for two years. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The AF group showed significantly higher serum anti-M2-R levels compared to the non-AF group (496.2\u2009\u00b1\u2009232.5 vs. 86.3\u2009\u00b1\u200925.7\u2009pmol\/L, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The AF group exhibited severe fibrosis in the left atrial appendages, as indicated by increased collagen volume fraction (45.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7% vs. 27.6\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and higher levels of collagen I (0.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 vs. 0.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and collagen III (0.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07 vs. 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 and CTGF were also upregulated in the AF group. A positive correlation between serum anti-M2-R levels and fibrosis of the left atrial appendage and fibrogenic indexes was observed. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Serum anti-M2-R levels are higher in AF patients and are associated with the severity of atrial fibrosis. In addition, serum anti-M2-R levels are positively correlated to TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 and CTGF expression in the left atrial appendage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8271871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T18:43:32Z","timestamp":1549305812000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of Autoantibodies against M2-Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor with Atrial Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-1534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guiling","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, 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