{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:49:11Z","timestamp":1787017751471,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Evandro Chagas Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human exposure to mercury (Hg) is primary associated with its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), through the ingestion of contaminated seafood. However, Hg contamination is also positively correlated with the number of dental restorations, total surface of amalgam, and organic mercury concentration in the saliva. Among the cells existing in the oral cavity, human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPLF) cells are important cells responsible for the production of matrix and extracellular collagen, besides sustentation, renewal, repair, and tissue regeneration. In this way, the present study is aimed at investigating the potential oxidative effects caused by MeHg on hPLF. Firstly, we analyzed the cytotoxic effects of MeHg (general metabolism status, cell viability, and mercury accumulation) followed by the parameters related to oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, GSH levels, and DNA damage). Our results demonstrated that MeHg toxicity increased in accordance with the rise of MeHg concentration in the exposure solutions (1-7\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) causing 100% of cell death at 7\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg exposure. The general metabolism status was firstly affected by 2\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg exposure (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mn>43.8<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>1.7<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mi>%<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), while a significant decrease of cell viability has arisen significantly only at 3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg exposure (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mn>68.7<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>1.4<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mi>%<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). The ratio among these two analyses (named fold change) demonstrated viable hPLF with compromised cellular machinery along with the range of MeHg exposure. Subsequently, two distinct MeHg concentrations (0.3 and 3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) were chosen based on LC50 value (4.2\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M). hPLF exposed to these two MeHg concentrations showed an intracellular Hg accumulation as a linear-type saturation curve indicating that metal accumulated diffusively in the cells, typical for metal organic forms such as methyl. The levels of total GSH decreased 50% at exposure to 3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg when compared to control. Finally, no alteration in the DNA integrity was observed at 0.3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg exposure, but 3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg caused significant damage. In conclusion, it was observed that MeHg exposure affected the general metabolism status of hPLF with no necessary decrease on the cell death. Additionally, although the oxidative imbalance in the hPLF was confirmed only at 3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M MeHg through the increase of total GSH level and DNA damage, the lower concentration of MeHg used (0.3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) requires attention since the intracellular mercury accumulation may be toxic at chronic exposures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8470857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T18:31:30Z","timestamp":1574447490000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Oxidative Damage in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast (hPLF) after Methylmercury Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9464-3490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lygia S.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica e Cultura de Tecidos-SAMAM, Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina P.","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica e Cultura de Tecidos-SAMAM, Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geovanni Pereira","family":"Mitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura Celular, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Sueli","family":"da Silva Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Laborat\u00f3rio de Cultura Celular, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3983-1672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcelo O.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxicologia-SAMAM, Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6315-3352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edivaldo H. C.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica e Cultura de Tecidos-SAMAM, Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-4013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafael R.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-010-0840-8"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005073432015"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2012.45.6.353"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics6030047"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.05.013"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90012-L"},{"issue":"4","key":"7","first-page":"501","volume":"128","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.028"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.09.001"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047450"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345980770090301"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01556-13"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670011301"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660071201"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910208100609"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.1.103"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1122.1000275"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19930-w"},{"key":"20","year":"2004"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(96)00056-0"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.05.013"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(02)00144-8"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.2.195"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2012.01.006"},{"key":"26","first-page":"14","volume":"4","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemica"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1387-2656(05)11004-7"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.10080"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4340-y"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0014-z"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.05.019"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ra13315c"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.02.011"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2015.05.007"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0915-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"36","first-page":"513","volume":"24","year":"2010","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2004.03.002"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35056049"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.09.009"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.09.010"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/8470857.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/8470857.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/8470857.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T18:31:35Z","timestamp":1574447495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/8470857\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["8470857","8470857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8470857","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]}}}