{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:49:34Z","timestamp":1774626574179,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]],"date-time":"2019-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560643200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81370213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81370213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>The underlying mechanisms by which cystatin C affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not very clear. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of CVD. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of cystatin C with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) with preserved renal function.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>In total, 422 NSTE-ACS patients with preserved renal function were enrolled to examine the association of cystatin C with MetS. MetS was defined based on the NCEP-ATP-III guidelines. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were also evaluated, which included cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), heart failure, and nonfatal stroke. All patients underwent a 12-month follow-up for MACEs after admission.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>Cystatin C was significantly correlated with metabolic risk factors and inflammation markers. The prevalence of MetS and MACEs correlated with cystatin C levels. Cystatin C showed a strong diagnostic performance for cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in ROC analysis. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, cystatin C level was independently associated with MetS (OR 2.299, 95% CI 1.251\u20134.225, and P = 0.007). During a 12-month follow-up, the patients with high cystatin C level and MetS had higher incidence of MACEs (Log-rank = 24.586, P &lt; 0.001) and cardiac death (Log-rank = 9.890, P = 0.020) compared to the others. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that cystatin C level was an independent predictor of MACEs (HR 2.609, 95% CI 1.295\u20135.257, and P = 0.007).<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>Cystatin C may be an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome and therefore valuable for management of NSTE-ACS patients. Further multicenter, large-scale studies are required to assess the implication of these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8541402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]],"date-time":"2019-06-16T23:31:49Z","timestamp":1560727909000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of Cystatin C with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Prognostic Performance in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome with Preserved Renal Function"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6040-0116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1588-2803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shangcheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2867-2864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao-Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.5.699","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054415"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.03.013"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145166.44942.E0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.200709"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.678342"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009077"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010589"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00517.x"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.023"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.041889"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.017"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.022"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-010-0334-8"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2013.05.015"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155735"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12051"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0077"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2009.01.002"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.10.037"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.006"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043161"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38985.646481.55"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.88"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.02.032"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.11.015"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.128397"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1910"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.121"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.037"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0040"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.01.040"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.96"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184723"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs571"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0386"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1894"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs561"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.07.019"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2010050479"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011070663"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.027"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-108","volume":"11","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.07.013"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.29"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.01.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0762-4","volume":"17","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6891537"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02760310"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8541402.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8541402.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8541402.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T06:21:25Z","timestamp":1609914085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8541402\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["8541402","8541402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8541402","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]]}}}