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However, it remains unknown whether H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) from high glucose-induced damage. In the current study, cell viability, proinflammatory cytokines, ROS, and inflammasome markers were compared in a low glucose- and high glucose-induced cell culture system. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), NLRP3 siRNA, and NaHS were used to test RPE cell responses. The results demonstrate that compared with the low-glucose culture, high glucose triggered higher cell death and increased IL-18 and IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression and protein production. Furthermore, high glucose increased the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, ACS, and caspase-1. Notably, NAC, a ROS scavenger, could attenuate high glucose-induced ROS formation and IL-18 and IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA and protein expression and block inflammasome activation. Silencing the NLRP3 gene expression also abolished IL-18 and IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA and protein expression. Intrudingly, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S could ameliorate high glucose-induced ROS formation, IL-18 and IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> expression, and inflammasome activation. Taken together, the findings of the present study have demonstrated that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S protects cultured RPE cells from high glucose-induced damage through inhibiting ROS formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It might suggest that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8908960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T19:34:39Z","timestamp":1556134479000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Inflammation by Inhibiting ROS Formation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-5258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 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