{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:59:57Z","timestamp":1790229597401,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577664000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Development of modern surgical techniques is associated with the need for a thorough knowledge of surgical anatomy and, in the case of ophthalmologic surgery, also functional aspects of extraocular muscles. Thus, the leading idea of this review was to summarize the most recent findings regarding the normal anatomy and anomalies of the extraocular rectus muscles (ERMs). Particular attention was paid to the presentation of detailed and structured data on the gross anatomy of the ERMs, including their attachments, anatomical relationships, vascularization, and innervation. This issue of ERMs innervation was presented in detail, considering the research that has recently been carried out on human material using advanced anatomical techniques such as Sihler\u2019s technique of the nerves staining. The text was supplemented with a carefully selected graphic material (including anatomical specimens prepared specially for the purpose of this review) and discussion of the clinical cases and practical significance of the presented issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8909162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T23:32:33Z","timestamp":1577748753000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Normal Anatomy and Anomalies of the Rectus Extraocular Muscles in Human: A Review of the Recent Data and Findings"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-4902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Ha\u0142adaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Surgical anatomy","year":"2007"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5330"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22918"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1438631"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1562556"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23452"},{"key":"7","year":"2016"},{"key":"8","volume-title":"Anatomy, head and neck, eye lateral rectus muscle","year":"2019"},{"key":"9","volume-title":"Anatomy, head and neck, eye medial rectus muscles","year":"2019"},{"key":"10","volume-title":"Anatomy, head and neck, eye superior rectus muscle","year":"2019"},{"key":"11","volume-title":"Anatomy, head and neck, eye inferior rectus muscle","year":"2019"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12400"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20160405-05"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1050773"},{"key":"15","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Endoscopic approach and removal of orbital tumors","year":"2019"},{"key":"16","first-page":"1239","volume-title":"The vestibular system","year":"2012"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6651"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7929"},{"issue":"6","key":"19","first-page":"1280","volume":"41","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0632"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00649.2013"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.246"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e3181577b2e"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.8.702"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2013.46.2.93"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4056-z"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(84)34192-6"},{"key":"28","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Chapter 22: orbital muscles","year":"2016"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02211-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"30","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Digital Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19871101-06","volume":"24","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1986.tb00471.x"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2019.03.010"},{"issue":"6","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19791101-04","volume":"16","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)74927-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"36","first-page":"424","volume":"51","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1091-8531(03)00214-3"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2016.09.022"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/vsp1312124d"},{"key":"40","year":"2013"},{"key":"41","year":"2012"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-1976-6"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.75"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ng.2170192"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1098-2353(1998)11:4<271::aid-ca8>3.0.co;2-u"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-073x.2006.00131.x"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.007"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.12.138"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(03)00383-0"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/wno.0000000000000109"},{"issue":"1","key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19790101-10","volume":"16","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.25.2.122"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.406"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_537_15"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5374628"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6257(01)00285-5"},{"key":"58","volume-title":"Anatomy, head and neck, eye extraocular muscles","year":"2019"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e3180cc2c71"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0585-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"61","first-page":"10","volume":"42","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22811"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7914"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1573-x"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.269"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8909162.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8909162.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8909162.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T15:01:50Z","timestamp":1665327710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2019\/8909162\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["8909162","8909162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8909162","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]}}}