{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:35:31Z","timestamp":1740148531991,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]],"date-time":"2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a nonfiducial electrocardiogram (ECG, the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin) identification system based on the common spatial pattern (CSP) feature extraction technique is presented. The single- and multilead ECG signals of each subject are divided into nonoverlapping segments, and different segment lengths (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, or 15 seconds) are investigated. Features are extracted from each signal segment through projection on a CSP projection matrix. The extracted features are then used to train a radial basis function kernel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, which is then employed in the identification phase. The proposed identification system was evaluated on 10, 20, \u2026, 200 reference subjects of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) ECG database. Using a single limb-based lead (I) with 200 reference subjects, the system achieved an identification rate of 95.15% and equal error rate of 0.1. The use of a single chest-based lead (V3) for 200 reference subjects resulted in an identification rate of 98.92% and equal error rate of 0.08.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8934905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]],"date-time":"2019-03-31T19:31:24Z","timestamp":1554060684000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["ECG-Based Subject Identification Using Common Spatial Pattern and SVM"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-1746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Turky N.","family":"Alotaiby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KACST, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Alshebeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KACST-TIC in Radio Frequency and Photonics for the e-Society (RFTONICS), Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Elect. Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Latifah M.","family":"Aljafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-8812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Waleed M.","family":"Alsabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KACST, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0072-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","first-page":"178","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-012-0214-7"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150715067"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16040570"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102228"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2215324"},{"issue":"2","key":"9","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2007.903539"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2011.0009"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-35528-3_17"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198608143150722"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4602.93139"},{"year":"2005","key":"17"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/924791"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jelc.2000.20356"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/19.930458"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180942"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020372"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041005"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.09.030"},{"issue":"1","key":"31","first-page":"12","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering and Computer Innovations"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2007.09.006"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcis.2012.2201"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-014-0737-1"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.918594"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.05.014"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2012.11.005"},{"issue":"20","key":"45","first-page":"759","volume":"68","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Academy of Science, Engineering, and Technology International Journal of Biomedical and Biological Engineering"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s130506832"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.895946"},{"year":"1999","key":"50"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.4408441"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2188799"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1240323"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01129656"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90119-8"},{"year":"1976","key":"57"},{"year":"2008","key":"58"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511801389"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tkde.2008.239"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-008-0073-4"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2162408"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/148658"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2007.01.014"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/135676"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2019\/8934905.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2019\/8934905.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2019\/8934905.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]],"date-time":"2019-03-31T19:31:28Z","timestamp":1554060688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2019\/8934905\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["8934905","8934905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8934905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-725X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-7268"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]}}}