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To assess whether there are shared exposures associated with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (SS), dry eye syndrome (DES), and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), in order to determine whether they are etiologically related. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. In a clinic-based case-control study, 702 participants (91 SS, 120 DES, 211 (age and sex frequency-matched) controls, and 280 B-NHL cases) were recruited and interviewed regarding exposures, medical history, and family history. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Female predominance was noted in SS (ratio 9.2\u2009:\u20091). Eye dryness was severest in SS compared to DES and controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Compared to controls, alcohol consumption was inversely associated with NHL, DES, and SS (odds ratio <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.47<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31-0.71; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.54<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 95% CI: 0.33-0.88; and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.26<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 95% CI: 0.14-0.49, respectively), while a previous history of infection requiring hospitalization was positively associated with all three conditions: NHL (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.92<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; 95% CI: 1.23-2.99), DES (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.29<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; 95% CI: 1.97-5.47), and SS (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>4.74<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; 95% CI: 2.66-8.44). NHL patients were more likely to report first-degree relatives with hematologic cancer, while having first-degree relatives with an autoimmune disease (AID) was associated with SS (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>5.25<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; 95% CI: 2.59-10.63) and DES (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.55<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; 95% CI: 1.83-6.91) compared to controls. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Some exposures are associated with all three conditions (such as an inverse association with alcohol consumption and a positive association with serious past infection), while a family history of AID appears to be shared by DES and SS, but not NHL subjects. Shared risk factors for all three conditions indicate possible mutual etiological pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9060842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T21:17:28Z","timestamp":1548105448000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Shared Medical and Environmental Risk Factors in Dry Eye Syndrome, Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome, and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-4221","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hadas","family":"Ben-Eli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, 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