{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:08:33Z","timestamp":1790827713727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]],"date-time":"2019-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of impaired vision in patients with diabetes mellitus. An adaptive optics retinal camera (rtx1\u2122; Imagine Eyes, France) was used to capture images of cones and retinal arteries from patients with DR. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Cone parameters (density, interphotoreceptor distance, and regularity) and retinal artery parameters (wall thickness, lumen diameter, WLR, and WCSA) were analyzed in 36 patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR; 22 with mild NPDR and 14 with moderate NPDR) and in 20 healthy volunteers (the control group). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Cone density at 2\u00b0 eccentricities was significantly lower in the DR compared to the control group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>19822<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>4342<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>cells<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs. <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>24722<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3507<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively). Cone density and regularity decreased with increasing severity of DR. The artery walls were significantly thicker in the DR group. The WLR and WCSA differed significantly between the DR and the control groups (WLR <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mn>0.339<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.06<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> vs. <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mn>0.254<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.04<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; WCSA <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mn>5567<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1140<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> vs. <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mn>4178<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>944<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, respectively). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Decreased cone regularity and density are seen in patients with mild and moderate NPDR. Abnormalities of retinal arterioles show signs of arteriolar dysfunction in DR. Retinal image analysis with the rtx1 offers a novel noninvasive measurement of early changes in the neural cells and retina vasculature in diabetic eyes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9548324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]],"date-time":"2019-03-17T19:40:53Z","timestamp":1552851653000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Adaptive Optics (rtx1) High-Resolution Imaging of Photoreceptors and Retinal Arteries in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-970X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Zaleska-\u017bmijewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Ophthalmology, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"SPKSO Ophthalmic Teaching Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew M.","family":"Wawrzyniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"D\u0105browska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPKSO Ophthalmic Teaching Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek P.","family":"Szaflik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Ophthalmology, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"SPKSO Ophthalmic Teaching Hospital, Warsaw, 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