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Fortunately, cells have evolved several antioxidant defense mechanisms (as metabolites, vitamins, and enzymes) to neutralize or mitigate the harmful effect of reactive species and\/or their byproducts. Any perturbation in the balance in the level of antioxidants and the reactive species results in a physiological condition called \u201coxidative stress.\u201d A catalase is one of the crucial antioxidant enzymes that mitigates oxidative stress to a considerable extent by destroying cellular hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen. Deficiency or malfunction of catalase is postulated to be related to the pathogenesis of many age-associated degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, vitiligo, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, and schizophrenia. Therefore, efforts are being undertaken in many laboratories to explore its use as a potential drug for the treatment of such diseases. This paper describes the direct and indirect involvement of deficiency and\/or modification of catalase in the pathogenesis of some important diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, vitiligo, and acatalasemia. Details on the efforts exploring the potential treatment of these diseases using a catalase as a protein therapeutic agent have also been described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9613090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T18:34:52Z","timestamp":1573497292000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1028,"title":["Role of Catalase in Oxidative Stress- and Age-Associated Degenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Nandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-5430","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liang-Jun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandan Kumar","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Purash-Kanpur Haridas Nandi Mahavidyalaya, P.O. 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