{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:51:44Z","timestamp":1790434304402,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007631","name":"Chungnam National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is an emerging disease marker in rheumatic diseases. This is a meta-analysis aimed at systematically reviewing association between serum MMP-3 levels and systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity, which sought to raise interest in MMP-3 as a putative biomarker. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We conducted a meta-analysis of serum MMP-3 levels in patients with SLE and controls. We performed a PubMed search, EMBASE search, and forward search of the retrieved articles published until Oct. 1, 2018. In addition to this, we included data from a case-control study on a national pediatric SLE cohort, in which serum MMP-3 levels were measured in 11 SLE patients and 9 controls (unpublished). Subgroup analyses based on gender and disease activity were performed. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. A total of 662 cases and 771 controls including 651 patients and 762 controls from 11 publications were studied. We observed significantly higher MMP-3 levels in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, Hedges\u2019 <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>: 2.104, 95% CI 1.426-2.782). In subgroup analyses, we found a significant elevation of MMP-3 in the patients with nephritis compared to those without (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.006<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, Hedges\u2019 <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>: 0.611, 95% CI 0.611-1.704). This finding was consistent between patients with persistent proteinuria and those without (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.023<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, Hedges\u2019 <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>: 1.535, 95% CI 0.207-2.862). Meta-analysis showed no association between MMP-3 levels and gender or anti-double strand DNA antibody titer. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Our meta-analysis demonstrated significantly higher MMP-3 levels in SLE patients than in controls and in patients with renal involvement than in those without.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9796735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T19:36:03Z","timestamp":1563478563000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 3 Levels and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-614X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiwon M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-2946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas","family":"Kronbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-3010","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seong Heon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-7311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-5320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hee Gyung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il Soo","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7556-1265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hae Il","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keimyung University College of Nursing, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Wook","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keum Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-1820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0191"},{"issue":"4","key":"2","first-page":"409","volume":"16","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental 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