{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:04:07Z","timestamp":1790935447556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) cases are increasing worldwide, especially in Saudi Arabia. Previous studies suggested a positive relationship between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) levels. Generally, patients with low BMI (&lt;18.5\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) have reduced BMD levels and, thus, low <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>-scores; hence, they are categorized as osteopenic or osteoporotic. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a relationship between BMI and BMD <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>-scores in the hip and spine regions of patients with diabetes exists. This retrospective record review investigated older adult patients with diabetes in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>198<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; age 50\u201390\u2009years) who underwent BMD scan between January 1, 2016, and June 25, 2018, regardless of their sex but limited to type 2 DM. The height and weight of all subjects were recorded, and BMI was calculated and categorized. We used SPSS version 21 for data analysis; measures of central tendencies, Pearson\u2019s correlations, chi-square tests, and independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests were employed. We found positive relationships between BMI and BMD <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>-scores in the hip and spine regions (right femoral neck: <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.214<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.002<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; total right hip: <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.912<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; left femoral neck: <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.939<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; total left hip: <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.885<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; and total lumbar region: <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.607<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Low BMI (&lt;18.5\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) could be a risk factor for osteoporosis, whereas normal\/high BMI could be protective against osteoporosis among adults with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9827403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T19:38:47Z","timestamp":1555961927000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Relationship between Body Mass Index and <i>T<\/i>-Scores of Bone Mineral Density in the Hip and Spine Regions among Older Adults with Diabetes: A Retrospective Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7907-5958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulaziz F.","family":"Hariri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad N.","family":"Almatrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aws B.","family":"Zamka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah S.","family":"Babaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq M.","family":"Fallatah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar H.","family":"Althouwaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amre S.","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant and Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S081"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10029"},{"issue":"11","key":"4","first-page":"1603","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Medical 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