{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:16:26Z","timestamp":1780481786555,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578700800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. The Herbst device is widely used for correction of class II malocclusions; however, most of the researches carried out on the Herbst appliance in literature do not take into account patients with a different mandibular divergence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Herbst on dental and skeletal structures and to evaluate possible influence of vertical facial growth patterns.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A retrospective study was conducted on lateral cephalograms of 75 growing patients (mean age: 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 years) with class II malocclusion treated with Herbst. Subjects were divided into 3 groups using the mandibular divergence index (SN and GoMe angle). Cephalometric parameters were evaluated using the modified SO (sagittal occlusion) Pancherz\u2019s analysis. A statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate differences among groups using ANOVA.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Our study showed differences in response to treatment depending on patient\u2019s facial vertical growth pattern. Cranial base angle and mandibular rotation were significantly different (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) between hypodivergent patients and normodivergent patients and between hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subjects.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Hypodivergent patients increased their mandibular divergence during treatment to a greater extent than normodivergents; moreover, hyperdivergent patients exhibited a decreased mandibular divergence at the end of the treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1018793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T23:30:32Z","timestamp":1578785432000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Influence of Vertical Facial Growth Pattern on Herbst Appliance Effects in Prepubertal Patients: A Retrospective Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Giuca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, 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