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However, the inflammatory imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface promotes excessive secretion of inflammatory factors and induces apoptosis and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can subsequently lead to preterm birth. As an anti-inflammatory molecule in the IL-1 family, interleukin-37 (IL-37) mainly plays an inhibiting role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, as a typical inflammatory disease, no previous studies have been carried out to explore the role of IL-37 in sPTB. In this study, a series of molecular biological experiments were performed in clinical samples and human amniotic epithelial cell line (Wistar Institute Susan Hayflick (WISH)) to investigate the deficiency role of IL-37 and the potential mechanism. Firstly, the results indicated that the expression of IL-37 in human peripheral plasma and fetal membranes was significantly decreased in the sPTB group. Afterward, it is proved that IL-37 could significantly suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>), interleukin-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in WISH cells. Simultaneously, once silence IL-37, LPS-induced apoptosis and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 were significantly increased. In addition, the western blot data showed that IL-37 performed its biological effects by inhibiting the NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B and IL-6\/STAT3 pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL-37 limits excessive inflammation and subsequently inhibits ECM remodeling and apoptosis through the NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B and IL-6\/STAT3 signaling pathway in the fetal membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1069563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T23:30:37Z","timestamp":1594510237000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["IL-37 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Fetal Membranes of Spontaneous Preterm Birth via the NF-<i>\u03ba<\/i>B and IL-6\/STAT3 Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"},{"name":"Joint 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