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This parasite has a high affinity for host lipoproteins and uses the low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor for its invasion. Assuming that the presence of LDL cholesterol in tissues could facilitate <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> proliferation, dietary composition may affect the parasite\u2010host relationship. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate myocarditis in <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected C57BL\/6 mice\u2014acute phase\u2014fed a high\u2010fat diet and treated with simvastatin, a lipid\u2010lowering medication. Animals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10) were infected with 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u2009cells of the VL\u201010 strain of <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> and treated or untreated daily with 20\u2009mg\/kg simvastatin, starting 24\u2009h after infection and fed with a normolipidic or high\u2010fat diet. Also, uninfected mice, treated or not with simvastatin and fed with normolipidic or high\u2010fat diet, were evaluated as control groups. Analyses to measure the production of chemokine (C\u2010C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interferon\u2010 (IFN\u2010) <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, interleukin\u2010 (IL\u2010) 10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); total hepatic lipid dosage; cholesterol; and fractions, as well as histopathological analysis, were performed on day 30 using cardiac and fat tissues. Our results showed that the high\u2010fat diet increased (i) parasite replication, (ii) fat accumulation in the liver, (iii) total cholesterol and LDL levels, and (iv) the host inflammatory state through the production of the cytokine TNF. However, simvastatin only reduced the production of CCL2 but not that of other inflammatory mediators or biochemical parameters. Together, our data suggest that the high\u2010fat diet may have worsened the biochemical parameters of the uninfected and <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected animals, as well as favored the survival of circulating parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1230461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T23:30:42Z","timestamp":1591659042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A High\u2010Fat Diet Exacerbates the Course of Experimental <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i> Infection That Can Be Mitigated by Treatment with Simvastatin"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"D\u00e9bora Maria Soares","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"de Paula 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