{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T02:33:01Z","timestamp":1776479581712,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]],"date-time":"2020-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai United Developing Technology Project of Municipal Hospitals","award":["SHDC12016108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12016108"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai United Developing Technology Project of Municipal Hospitals","award":["20161430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20161430"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC12016108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12016108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20161430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20161430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) onsets abruptly and usually occurs within 1 week after the onset of hyperglycemic symptoms. Glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) are indicators that reflect short-term glucose levels. This study was aimed at investigating whether the 1,5-AG\/GA index (AGI) is a suitable indicator for early FT1DM identification. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A total of 226 subjects were enrolled, all with <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mtext>glycated<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>hemoglobin<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Hb<\/mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8.7<\/mml:mn><mml:mi>%<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>. FT1DM was diagnosed based on the 2012 Japan Diabetes Society criteria. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The AGI level was 0.54 (0.17\u20131.36) in the whole group. It was lower in FT1DM patients (0.16 [0.10\u20130.25]). Among the participants whose HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> did not exceed 7.0%, the AGI of FT1DM decreased significantly compared to type 1A diabetes (T1ADM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients (0.16 [0.12\u20130.26] <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.46 [0.24\u20130.72] <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.31 [0.19\u20130.43], both <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that AGI can be used to distinguish FT1DM and T1ADM patients with <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mtext>Hb<\/mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8.7<\/mml:mn><mml:mi>%<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>. Diagnosing FT1DM based on <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mtext>AGI<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> only can help narrow down suspected FT1DM by up to 26.87%. If we diagnosed FT1DM when AGI was \u22640.3 and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was \u22647.0%, the success rate further increased to 86.57%, among which 85.00% of FT1DM and 87.23% of T1ADM patients were successfully identified. Therefore, using the combination criteria of AGI and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> would improve the differential diagnosis efficacy by 61.11% compared with the AGI criterion only. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. AGI can help facilitate the early differential diagnosis of FT1DM and T1ADM when <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mtext>Hb<\/mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8.7<\/mml:mn><mml:mi>%<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, with an optimal cut-off point of 0.3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1243630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]],"date-time":"2020-03-21T23:30:39Z","timestamp":1584833439000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol to Glycated Albumin Ratio Can Help Early Distinguish Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus from Newly Onset Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6240-9221","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingwen","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9607-161X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1105-4189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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