{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:31:04Z","timestamp":1769833864434,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. We investigated the influence of pain decrease after lumbar microdiscectomy on the interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) serum level in patients with lumbar disc herniations. The study challenges the mechanism of sciatica pain and the role of IFN-\u03b3 in radicular pain development. Material and Methods. We performed clinical and immunoenzymatic assessment in a group of 27 patients with lumbar radicular pain due to disc herniations before and 3 months after surgery. Clinical status was assessed with the use of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Pain Rating Index and Pain Intensity Index of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The plasma concentrations of IFN-\u03b3 were ascertained by an immunoenzymatic method. Results. We observe significant correlations between the results of the pain in the back region assessment NRS back scale after the surgery with the level of IFN-\u03b3 before the procedure (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:msub>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>r<\/a:mi>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>s<\/a:mi>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msub>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.528<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.008<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and after the procedure (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:msub>\n                           <e:mrow>\n                              <e:mi>r<\/e:mi>\n                           <\/e:mrow>\n                           <e:mrow>\n                              <e:mi>s<\/e:mi>\n                           <\/e:mrow>\n                        <\/e:msub>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.455<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.025<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). These are moderate and positive correlations\u2014the decrease in pain is correlated with the lower IFN-\u03b3 level. Additionally, there are significant correlations between the results of the PRI scale and the IFN-\u03b3 level. The PRI score before surgery correlates positively with IFN-\u03b3 after surgery (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:msub>\n                           <i:mrow>\n                              <i:mi>r<\/i:mi>\n                           <\/i:mrow>\n                           <i:mrow>\n                              <i:mi>s<\/i:mi>\n                           <\/i:mrow>\n                        <\/i:msub>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.462<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.023<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and the PRI score after surgery correlates positively with IFN before surgery (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:msub>\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mi>r<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mi>s<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                        <\/m:msub>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.529<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>p<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.005<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and after surgery (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:msub>\n                           <q:mrow>\n                              <q:mi>r<\/q:mi>\n                           <\/q:mrow>\n                           <q:mrow>\n                              <q:mi>s<\/q:mi>\n                           <\/q:mrow>\n                        <\/q:msub>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.549<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mi>p<\/s:mi>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>0.003<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). All correlations are moderate in severity\u2014severe pain before surgery correlates with a higher level of IFN-\u03b3 after surgery and also higher IFN-\u03b3 before surgery. There were significant differences in the IFN-\u03b3 level before (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <u:mi>Z<\/u:mi>\n                        <u:mo>=<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mo>\u2212<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>2.733<\/u:mn>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <w:mi>p<\/w:mi>\n                        <w:mo>=<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>0.006<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and after (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <y:mi>Z<\/y:mi>\n                        <y:mo>=<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mo>\u2212<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mn>2.391<\/y:mn>\n                     <\/y:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\">\n                        <ab:mi>p<\/ab:mi>\n                        <ab:mo>=<\/ab:mo>\n                        <ab:mn>0.017<\/ab:mn>\n                     <\/ab:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) surgery in the groups of patients with and without nerve compression. In the group of patients with nerve compression, the level of IFN-\u03b3 before and after surgery was lower. Conclusions. Less pain ratio after operation correlates with the level of IFN-\u03b3. In the group of patients without significant nerve compression confirmed by MRI scans, the level of IFN-\u03b3 before and after surgery was higher than that in the group with nerve root compression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1318930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:05:17Z","timestamp":1602633917000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["IFN-\u03b3 Correlations with Pain Assessment, Radiological Findings, and Clinical Intercourse in Patient after Lumbar Microdiscectomy: Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4125-6582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kamieniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Bielewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2938-885X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cezary","family":"Grochowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Litak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2340-9442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bojarska-Junak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Janczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Daniluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Trojanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.08.002"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4349-4"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00490-5"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.010"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1986.4.2.234"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.005"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00012"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00279-X"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00262-8"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b6526"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810420106"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.02.010"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-099499"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199703240-00050"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153289"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00048.x"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000204501.22343.99"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208010-00004"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.008"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00147-4"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199611250-00018","article-title":"Endoneurial injection of TNF-alpha produces neuropathic pain behaviors","volume":"7","author":"R. 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