{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:28:15Z","timestamp":1763724495238,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":316,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Qiaoshao (QS) formula, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprising seven herbs, has been clinically proven to have a favorable treatment effect on premature ejaculation (PE). However, its underlying pharmacological mechanisms in the treatment of PE need to be further clarified. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. In the present study, a network pharmacology\u2010based strategy was adopted. The active compounds of QS formula were obtained from the Chinese medicine database, and the potential targets of these compounds were collected from the DrugBank database to construct compound\u2010compound targets network. PE\u2010related targets were identified from human disease databases and used to construct the protein\u2010protein interaction (PPI) networks. Compound\u2010disease target PPI network was constructed by merging the PPI network of disease\u2010targets and compound\u2010targets. Cluster and enrichment analyses were performed on the PPI network of disease targets and compound\u2010disease targets. The influence of QS formula on serum 5\u2010HT, NO, oxytocin, and thyroid hormones of PE patients was verified. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Four primary pharmacological networks of QS formula were constructed, including the compound\u2010compound targets network, PPI network of PE\u2010related targets and compound\u2010disease targets, and the QS\u2010PE mechanism network. The module and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the QS formula had the potential to affect varieties of biological process and pathways, such as nitric oxide biosynthetic process, oxytocin, thyroid hormone, TNF, PI3K\u2010Akt, and the HIF\u20101 signaling pathway, that play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE. Meanwhile, the QS formula has been clinically confirmed to regulate the serum level of 5\u2010HT, NO, oxytocin, and TT in PE patients. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. This study preliminarily discovered the potential targets and pathways of QS formula in the treatment of PE, which laid a good foundation for further experimental research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1418634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T21:20:10Z","timestamp":1605216010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Network Pharmacology\u2010Based Strategy to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Qiaoshao Formula for Treatment of Premature Ejaculation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5373-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6003-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiansheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"737","article-title":"Premature ejaculation: a clinical review for the general physician","volume":"44","author":"Chung E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)64146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181009.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2178610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-6-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5276865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-018-1674-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618804114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2015.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201500188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419083111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-003-0417-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effects of radix Morinda officinalis decoction on contents of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain tissues of natural aging mice","volume":"43","author":"Zhang P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Research (China)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","article-title":"Effect of radix Paeoniae alba decoction on brain neurotransmitters in chronic stress depression rats","volume":"47","author":"Li Y. 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