{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:39:55Z","timestamp":1764700795040,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596844800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007560","name":"Chiesi Farmaceutici","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is due to structural changes and narrowing of small airways and parenchymal destruction (loss of the alveolar attachment as a result of pulmonary emphysema), which all lead to airflow limitation. Extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) increase cell proliferation and differentiation of connective tissue fibroblasts. To date no studies are available on ESW treatment of human bronchial fibroblasts and epithelial cells from COPD and control subjects. We obtained primary bronchial fibroblasts from bronchial biopsies of 3 patients with mild\/moderate COPD and 3 control smokers with normal lung function. 16HBE cells were also studied. Cells were treated with a piezoelectric shock wave generator at low energy (0.3\u2009mJ\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 500 pulses). After treatment, viability was evaluated and cells were recultured and followed up for 4, 24, 48, and 72\u2009h. Cell growth (WST-1 test) was assessed, and proliferation markers were analyzed by qRT-PCR in cell lysates and by ELISA tests in cell supernatants and cell lysates. After ESW treatment, we observed a significant increase of cell proliferation in all cell types. C-Kit (CD117) mRNA was significantly increased in 16HBE cells at 4\u2009h. Protein levels were significantly increased for c-Kit (CD117) at 4\u2009h in 16HBE (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and at 24\u2009h in COPD-fibroblasts (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.037); for PCNA at 4\u2009h in 16HBE (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.046); for Thy1 (CD90) at 24 and 72\u2009h in CS-fibroblasts (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.031 and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.041); for TGF<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 at 72\u2009h in CS-fibroblasts (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.038); for procollagen-1 at 4\u2009h in COPD-fibroblasts (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.020); and for NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B-p65 at 4 and 24\u2009h in 16HBE (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.015 and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.0002). In the peripheral lung tissue of a representative COPD patient, alveolar type II epithelial cells (TTF\u20101+) coexpressing c-Kit (CD117) and PCNA were occasionally observed. These data show an increase of cell proliferation induced by a low dosage of extracorporeal shock waves in 16HBE cells and primary bronchial fibroblasts of COPD and control smoking subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1524716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T23:30:29Z","timestamp":1596929429000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extracorporeal Shock Waves Increase Markers of Cellular Proliferation in Bronchial Epithelium and in Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of COPD Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3479-0875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonino","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell\u2019Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Novara, Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Frairia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Universit\u00e0 di Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio L. M.","family":"Ricciardolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Gnemmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell\u2019Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Novara, Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1683-3803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonella","family":"Marino Gammazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Piraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Area, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cappello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Universit\u00e0 di Palermo, Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Balbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell\u2019Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Novara, Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1170-8245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Graziella","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Universit\u00e0 di Torino, Turin, 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