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We assessed the effectiveness of eyedrops of 0.5% levofloxacin and 5.0% povidone-iodine (PVI) in reducing conjunctival bacterial flora by metagenomic analysis. A total of 2.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> high-quality sequencing reads were generated from 93 conjunctival samples obtained from 31 eyes scheduled for cataract surgery before prophylactic therapy (group 1), after administration of 0.5% levofloxacin eyedrops into the conjunctival sac 8 times before surgery (group 2), and at 3 minutes after instillation of 5.0% PVI solution in the conjunctival sac (group 3) followed by surgery irrigation. The alpha diversity and beta diversity results demonstrated that group 3 had the least richness and biodiversity. <jats:italic>Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> were predominant in all samples. The relative abundance of these bacterial species was 30.94%, 27.48%, 5.26%, 4.55%, and 2.61% in group 1, 16.32%, 44.10%, 2.19%, 5.39%, and 0.97% in group 2, and 5.90%, 65.55%, 0.39%, 5.36%, and 0.10% in group 3, respectively. The most easily and difficultly eliminated were <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, respectively. In conclusion, the metagenomic analysis using high-throughput sequencing provides a scientific way for evaluating the effectiveness of a disinfection method from the perspective of analyzing the composition and diversity of the conjunctival microbiome. Despite the use of preoperative antisepsis regimens, the ocular surface of patients receiving cataract surgery could not be rendered completely aseptic, indicating that more strict disinfection methods need to be adopted to reduce the risk for anterior chamber contamination and endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1780498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1587166221000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy of 0.5% Levofloxacin and 5.0% Povidone-Iodine Eyedrops in Reducing Conjunctival Bacterial Flora: Metagenomic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-0973","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caixia","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong 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