{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:22:06Z","timestamp":1782512526032,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels have been reported in men with early-onset (&lt;35 years) androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It has been suggested that a male polycystic ovarian syndrome- (PCOS-) equivalent, defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background and a PCOS-like hormonal pattern, predisposing to type II diabetes mellitus (DM II), cardiovascular and prostate diseases later in life, may occur in at least a part of these men. The gonadal function, including sperm parameters and total testosterone (TT) levels, has been investigated in a low number of these men. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The aim of the study was to assess gonadal and adrenal function in a subset of men with early-onset AGA and controls. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. 43 men with early-onset AGA and 36 controls were screened for DHEAS, TT, glycaemia, insulin, gonadotropins, 17<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-hydroxyprogesterone (17<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>OH-P), testicular volume (TV), fat mass percentage, and sperm conventional parameters. Among men with AGA, we identified Group 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921), as those with at least one of the following parameters: body mass index (BMI) &gt;25\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, insulin resistance (IR), and\/or SHBG &lt;25\u2009nmol\/l. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Patients with early-onset AGA had higher mean (\u00b1SD) BMI (25.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8 vs. 23.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and 17<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>OH-progesterone (2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs. 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009ng\/ml; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) compared to controls. Group 1 had higher BMI (27.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8 vs. 23.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009ml; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), fat-mass percentage (17.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 vs. 13.2\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), HOMA index (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 vs. 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), DHEAS (323.3\u2009\u00b1\u2009112.6 vs. 257.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009107.1\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/dl; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), seminal fluid volume (4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8 vs. 2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009ml; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), lower TT (5.16\u2009\u00b1\u20091.70 vs. 6.47\u2009\u00b1\u20094.30\u2009ng\/ml; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.016<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and left TV (12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8 vs. 15.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u2009ml; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) compared to controls. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Men with early-onset AGA and at least one among BMI &gt;25\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, IR, and SHBG &lt;25\u2009nmol\/l have increased DHEAS levels and a worse gonadal steroidogenesis. They might have a greater risk to develop gonadal dysfunction later in life. These criteria may be used to define male PCOS-equivalent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1942126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T18:31:36Z","timestamp":1581532296000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Increased DHEAS and Decreased Total Testosterone Serum Levels in a Subset of Men with Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: Does a Male PCOS-Equivalent Exist?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4599-8487","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rossella","family":"Cannarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosita A.","family":"Condorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Dall\u2019Oglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-2372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandro","family":"La Vignera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-0996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Mongio\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, 95123 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