{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:17:36Z","timestamp":1762607856172,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":125,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["94GCU4M1755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["94GCU4M1755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive motor defects. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine whether catalepsy, asymmetry, and nociceptive behaviors; the Nissl\u2010body and neuron distribution; brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); malondialdehyde (MDA); total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels; and the percentage of dopamine depletion of striatal neurons in the rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) can be affected by <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> (TG) infection. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: control (intact rats), sham (rats which received an intrastriatal injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF)), PD control (induction of PD without TG infection), TG control (rats infected by TG without PD induction), and PD infected (third week after PD induction, infection by TG was done). PD was induced by the unilateral intrastriatal microinjection of 6\u2010hydroxydopamine (6\u2010OHDA) and ELISA quantified dopamine, BDNF, MDA, and TAC in the striatum tissue. Cataleptic, asymmetrical, nociceptive, and histological alterations were determined by bar test, elevated body swing test, formalin test, and Nissl\u2010body and neuron counting in the striatal neurons. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The results demonstrated that PD could significantly increase the number of biased swings, descent latency time, and nociceptive behavior and decrease the distribution of Nissl\u2010stained neurons compared to the control and sham groups. TG infection significantly improved biased swing, descent latency time, nociceptive behavior, and the Nissl\u2010body distribution in striatal neurons in comparison to the PD control group. The striatal level of BDNF in the PD\u2010infected and TG control groups significantly increased relative to the PD control group. The striatal MDA was significantly higher in the PD control than other groups, while striatal TAC was significantly lower in the PD control than other groups. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The current study indicates that TG infection could improve the cataleptic, asymmetric, nociceptive and behaviors; the level of striatal dopamine release; BDNF levels; TAC; and MDA in PD rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2546365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T23:45:56Z","timestamp":1588722356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Cataleptic, Asymmetric, Analgesic, and Brain Biochemical Effects of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Can Be Affected by <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8819-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Taherianfard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moslem","family":"Riyahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahedeh","family":"Bavandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Eskandari Roozbahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Namavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.07.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2015.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Ellagic acid improves hyperalgesia and cognitive deficiency in 6-hydroxidopamine induced rat model of Parkinson\u2032s disease","volume":"18","author":"Dolatshahi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2015.10.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Foodborne Parasites","author":"Hill D. 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