{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:46:00Z","timestamp":1789584360218,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":283,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81774264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81774264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81630104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81630104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82004256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82004256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. This study aims to develop and validate a quantitative model for measuring severity of a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern for functional dyspepsia (FD) using multidimensional analysis methods including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multidimensional item response theory (MIRT). <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A scale and theoretical models were constructed according to the definition of pathogenesis about \u201cliver\u2010stomach disharmony\u201d patterns of FD. With data collected from 502 patients in a cross\u2010section study, the theoretical model was validated with CFA, and the related validity and reliability were evaluated in Amos 21.0. By the use of the MIRT paradigm, psychometric properties of the scale were estimated and evaluated for pattern quantification. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. A scale consisting of 12 items was constructed detecting three latent traits of the pattern. The theoretical model was evaluated to be with adequate consistency with clinical data as RMSEA\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, CFI\u2009=\u20090.94, and <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/D<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.29. As the correlation between symptoms and related pattern factors evaluated to be with adequate factor loading, the instrument is of preliminary interpretation. Most precision of assessment could be achieved for patients with moderate severity of the pattern as shown in test information and standard error functions. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. An instrument with an interpretable conceptual framework was developed for pattern quantification in TCM clinical practice. By constructing and evaluating both psychological and physical effects in a multidimensional model of the TCM pattern of FD, the paradigm raised in this article provided a valuable reference for interpreting complex diseases and theories such as FD and TCM patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2562080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T12:53:51Z","timestamp":1602420831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantifying Liver\u2010Stomach Disharmony Pattern of Functional Dyspepsia Using Multidimensional Analysis Methods"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9946-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zipan","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7491-441X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengkun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2641-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000539"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00249-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-54"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2019.4394"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/425037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798008150"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0161-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090358"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01535722"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6467135"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","first-page":"889","article-title":"The consensus opinion of integrated Chinese and western medicines on diagnosis and treatment of functional dyspepsia","volume":"25","author":"Li J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","first-page":"2595","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of functional dyspepsia (2017)","volume":"32","author":"Zhang S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","author":"Hair J. 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