{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:37:42Z","timestamp":1772469462591,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":167,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Berberis lycium<\/jats:italic> Royle has been traditionally used to cure rheumatism, eye and ear diseases, malarial fever, diabetes, stomach disorders, and skin diseases. There is a least amount of data available on cytotoxic capacity of <jats:italic>Berberis lycium<\/jats:italic> from Pakistani origin, so on this basis, the present study was aimed to screen <jats:italic>Berberis lycium<\/jats:italic> root bark extracts for cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and isolation of chemical constituents from the most cytotoxic extract. Initial screening of extracts was performed on HepG2 cells at 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL for 72 hours of treatment by using an MTT assay. Active fractions were subjected to a series of column chromatographies for the isolation of cytotoxic compounds. Molecular structures were elucidated by using combined data from <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010NMR, <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010NMR, and ESI\u2010MS graphs. Assessment of reduction in cell proliferation by isolated compounds was performed on three human cancer cell lines (SK\u2010Hep\u20101, HepG2, and NCI\u2010H1299). Both <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane and chloroform fractions were found active with percent cell viabilities of 8.41\u2009\u00b1\u20092.23 and 22.31\u2009\u00b1\u20099.11 in HepG2 cells compared with lupeol 35.43\u2009\u00b1\u20093.35 percent viability. A protoberberine alkaloid identified as oxyberberine was isolated from chloroform fraction while <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol was isolated from <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane fraction. Oxyberberine inhibited SK\u2010Hep\u20101 cell proliferation under a dose\u2010dependent manner with an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 34.26\u2009\u00b1\u20093.34\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M while HepG2 cells showed 50% inhibition at 62.96\u2009\u00b1\u20094.12\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M. <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010Sitosterol showed reduction in cell viability in SK\u2010Hep\u20101 cells and HepG2 cells with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 123.12\u2009\u00b1\u20093.51\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M and 140\u2009\u00b1\u20094.21\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M. This is the first report on the isolation of oxyberberine and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol from <jats:italic>Berberis lycium<\/jats:italic> root bark and their cytotoxic evaluation against SK\u2010Hep\u20101 and NCI\u2010H1299 cells. The cytotoxic potential of <jats:italic>Berberis lycium<\/jats:italic> Royle extracts and isolated compounds is suggesting that it is a promising candidate for anticancer drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2596082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T23:31:13Z","timestamp":1592350273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Isolation of Oxyberberine and <i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010Sitosterol from <i>Berberis lycium<\/i> Royle Root Bark Extract and <i>In Vitro<\/i> Cytotoxicity against Liver and Lung Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5915-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Asad","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahzadi","family":"Tabassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Gulfraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sheeraz Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8362-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazala Kaukab","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1011-1344(01)00198-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-30683-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4810-8_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","unstructured":"AslamM. 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