{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:04:45Z","timestamp":1782389085102,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31670554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31670554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31700478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31700478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31670554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31670554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31700478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31700478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Things (IoT) is a very promising technology in forest engineering, especially for the environment and plant growth monitoring. LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a prevailing choice for the Forestry IoT owing to its low-power and long-range ability. Real-world deployment and network optimization require accurate path-loss modeling, so the LoRaWAN radio channel in the forest is needed to be intensively studied. However, most of the subsistent propagation models do not involve specific forestry environmental parameters. In this paper, two parameters related with the trees are considered: the leaf area index and the tree trunk diameter. Due to the time-changing characteristics of these two items (from spring to winter), an empirical model has been developed through extensive measurement campaigns: Firstly, the channel measurement platform is designed based on a real scene of mixed forest. Secondly, the fading characteristics of the channel transmission for LoRa nodes are tested, and the corresponding model is presented and evaluated. Lastly, an energy harvesting LoRaWAN is deployed and operated in a sampled forest region of Eastern China for environment monitoring based on our propagation model. The results show that 433\u2009MHz LoRa path loss in the mingled forest could be precisely predicted by our proposed model. Moreover, network coverage and energy consumption optimization of the LoRa nodes could be performed, which enables the perpetual development of reliable forestry evolution monitoring system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2687148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T23:33:38Z","timestamp":1592868818000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Model with Leaf Area Index and Trunk Diameter for LoRaWAN Radio Propagation in Eastern China Mixed Forest"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8473-8990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159, LongPan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159, LongPan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, JiangJun Avenue, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f6082703"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f8070231"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f10030273"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2018.2877382"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2905134"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2873783"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2017.2737473"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9030531"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2016703"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2143664"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2251027"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2017.1344"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2906838"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030772"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2953804"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5294026"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi10090085"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2902902"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"24","first-page":"825","volume":"16","year":"1968","journal-title":"Review of the Electrical Communication Laboratory"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2019.2918331"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2895158"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2016.08.019"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2016.09.011"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.04.019"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2851149"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2751079"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1978.1141845"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/2687148.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/2687148.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/2687148.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T23:33:40Z","timestamp":1592868820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/2687148\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["2687148","2687148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/2687148","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-725X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]}}}