{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:59:04Z","timestamp":1761238744010,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005699","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:italic>. Few biomarkers are available for early identification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SS) and scleroderma spectrum disorders (SSD). Aims<\/jats:italic>. To evaluate Gas6, sAxl, and sMer as biomarkers for cardiopulmonary complications of SS and SSD. Methods<\/jats:italic>. In a cross-sectional observational study, we recruited 125 consecutive patients, affected by SS and SSD and referred to a tertiary-level pulmonary hypertension outpatient clinic. All patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation for identification of PAH and ILD. Gas6, sMer, and sAxl concentrations were measured with ELISA protocols, and concentrations were compared according to PAH or ILD. Results<\/jats:italic>. Nineteen subjects had pulmonary hypertension (PH) (14 PAH), and 39 had ILD (6 severe). Plasma sMer was increased in PAH (18.6\u2009ng\/ml IQR [11.7-20.3]) with respect to the absence (12.4 [8.0-15.8]) or other form of pulmonary hypertension (9.6 [7.4-12.5]; K\u2013W variance p<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.04<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Conversely, Gas6 and sAxl levels were slightly increased in mild ILD (25.8\u2009ng\/ml [19.5-32.1] and 24.6 [20.1-32.5]) and reduced in severe ILD (16.6 [15.0-22.1] and 15.5 [14.9-22.4]) in comparison to no evidence of ILD (23.4 [18.8-28.1] and 21.6 [18.1-28.4]; K\u2013W, p<\/mml:mi>\u2264<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Plasma sMer<\/mml:mtext>\u2265<\/mml:mo>19<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>ng<\/mml:mtext>\/<\/mml:mo>ml<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math> has 50% sensitivity and 92% specificity in PAH identification (area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.697, p<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Values of Gas<\/mml:mtext>6<\/mml:mn>\u2264<\/mml:mo>24.5<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>ng<\/mml:mtext>\/<\/mml:mo>ml<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math> and of sAxl<\/mml:mtext>\u2264<\/mml:mo>15.5<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>ng<\/mml:mtext>\/<\/mml:mo>ml<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math> have 100% and 67% sensitivity and 47% and 86% specificity, respectively, in identifying severe ILD (Gas6 AUC 0.787, p<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; sAxl AUC 0.705, p<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The assay of Gas6 sAxl and sMer may be useful to help in the identification of PAH and ILD in SS and SSD patients. The Gas6\/TAM system seems to be relevant in cardiopulmonary complications of SS and SSD and merits further investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2696173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T23:30:35Z","timestamp":1589326235000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Role of Gas6 and TAM Receptors in the Identification of Cardiopulmonary Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis and Scleroderma Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"Bellan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Immunorheumatology Unit, CAAD (Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"IRCAD, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-8656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Dimagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Piccinino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ailia","family":"Giubertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Ianniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCAD, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology Outpatient Unit, ASL Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Grimoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Sguazzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Nerviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research 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Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela Emma","family":"Burlone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Immunorheumatology Unit, CAAD (Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rigamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Immunorheumatology Unit, CAAD (Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalba","family":"Minisini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo Nazzareno","family":"Barbaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi Mario","family":"Castello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Sola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Immunorheumatology Unit, CAAD (Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases), \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d Hospital, Novara, Italy"},{"name":"IRCAD, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Carlo","family":"Avanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, UPO, Novara, 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