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As such, it is seen as an important cause of HIV\u2010associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Our previous investigation has confirmed the pathological role of CCL2 in mediating brain damage leading to cognitive dysfunction. Currently, however, research on therapeutic drugs for the central nervous system targeting CCL2 is very limited. Our present study used brain stereotactic technology to induce cognitive impairment in rats by injecting CCL2 (5\u2009ng) into the bilateral hippocampus. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Tanshinone IIA (25, 50, 75\u2009mg\/kg\/d) on CCL2\u2010induced learning memory and cognitive impairment in rats, we performed the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition tests (NORT) on the rats. The results showed that Tanshinone IIA significantly alleviated CCL2\u2010induced learning memory and cognitive dysfunction. Further studies on the hippocampal tissue of the rats revealed that Tanshinone IIA treatment significantly increased the activity of SOD and GSH\u2010Px while the level of MDA decreased compared to the model group. Additionally, the relative expression of apoptosis\u2010associated genes caspase\u20103, caspase\u20108, and caspase\u20109 and inflammation\u2010associated genes IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and IL\u20106 in Tanshinone IIA\u2010treated rats was lower than that in model rats. Finally, we confirmed hippocampal neuron loss and apoptosis by Nissl staining and TdT\u2010mediated dUTP Nick end labeling (TUNEL). Taken together, these data imply that Tanshinone IIA can ameliorate CCL2\u2010induced learning memory and cognitive impairment by impacting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HAND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2702175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T23:31:38Z","timestamp":1582587098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Tanshinone IIA Alleviates CCL2\u2010Induced Leaning memory and Cognition Impairment in Rats: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for HIV\u2010Associated Neurocognitive 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