{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:01:51Z","timestamp":1790071311087,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is the most common cause of gastric ulcer; however, its association with gastric cancer has been proved through a variety of studies. Importantly,\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection affects around half of the world\u2019s population leading to a variety of gastric problems and is mostly present in asymptomatic form. Although about 20% of people infected with\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    develop preneoplastic gastric lesions in later stages of their life, around 2% of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the outcome of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection is determined by complex interaction between the host genetics, its environment, and virulence factors of infecting strain. There are several biomarkers\/traits of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    that have been linked with the onset of cancer. Among these, presence of certain major virulence factors including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), and outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) plays a significant role in triggering gastric cancer. These factors of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    make it a potent carcinogen. Therefore, eradication of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection has shown positive effects on decreasing the risk of gastric cancer, but this has become a challenge due to the development of antibiotic resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    against the antibiotics of choice. Thus, the unmet need is to develop new and effective treatments for\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, considering the antimicrobial resistance in different regions of the world. This review discusses the properties of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, antibiotic resistance pattern, and the possible role of eradication of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    in preventing gastric cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3018326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T19:36:16Z","timestamp":1594668976000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    Oncogenicity: Mechanism, Prevention, and Risk 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