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Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells are immature transitional B cells that, in normal individuals, exert suppressive effects by IL-10 production but are quantitatively altered and\/or functionally impaired in individuals with various autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune disease, clinically presents as chronic cholestasis and nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. A role for CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells in PBC is unknown. This study investigated the frequency and functional variation of circulating CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells in PBC patients. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify the percentage of CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells in peripheral blood samples. Correlations between CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells and routine laboratory parameters were assessed. Levels of IL-10, TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL-6 and IL-12, and Tim-1 in CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells from PBC patients were analyzed. The effect of CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells on CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell differentiation was evaluated. The percentage of CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells in PBC patients was significantly higher than in healthy controls and was positively correlated with liver cholestasis. After activation by anti-B cell receptor and CpG, the production of IL-10 was decreased and the production of IL-6 and IL-12 was increased in CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells from PBC patients. Moreover, Tim-1 levels were significantly downregulated in CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells from PBC patients. Coculture showed that PBC-derived CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells were less capable of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell inhibition, but promoted Th1 cell differentiation. In conclusion, PBC patients have expanded percentages, but impaired CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells, which correlate with disease damage. In PBC patients, this B cell subset has a skewed proinflammatory cytokine profile and a decreased capacity to suppress immune function, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3019378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T18:31:14Z","timestamp":1581359474000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["CD19<sup>+<\/sup>CD24<sup>hi<\/sup>CD38<sup>hi<\/sup> B Cell Dysfunction in Primary Biliary Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2059-8217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qubo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, 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