{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T21:07:18Z","timestamp":1787432838921,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To compare the effects of counterclockwise rotation (CCR) and clockwise rotation (CR) of the mandible on the pharyngeal airway during mandibular setback surgery. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Serial cephalograms of 40 patients with mandibular prognathism, including 20 who underwent CCR and 20 who underwent CR, were taken at the following time intervals: preoperatively (T1), immediately postoperatively (T2), &gt;1 year after surgery (T3), final surgical changes (T31), postoperative stability (T32), and immediate surgical change (T21). Changes in menton (Me) and hyoid (H) positions, soft palate width, soft palate length, soft palate angle and craniovertebral angle (C2C4\u2010SN), and pharyngeal airway spaces (nasal pharyngeal airway (NOP), uvula pharyngeal airway (UOP), tongue pharyngeal airway (TOP), and epiglottis pharyngeal airway (EOP)) were evaluated. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The mean Me (T31) setback for CCR and CR was 12.56 and 13.06\u2009mm, respectively, with 2.41\u2009mm upward and 3.29\u2009mm downward, respectively. The vertical Me position of CR exhibited significant downward movement compared with that of CCR. The mean H setback results for CCR and CR were 4.42 and 5.75\u2009mm, respectively, with 1.47\u2009mm downward and 2.97\u2009mm downward, respectively. The C4C2\u2010SN angles for CCR and CR increased by 2.68\u00b0 and 3.65\u00b0, respectively, whereas their palatal angles increased by 2.35\u00b0 and 5.25\u00b0, respectively. Pearson\u2019s correlation analysis (T31) revealed that for CCR, no pharyngeal airway spaces were significantly correlated with any measured variables. In CR, NOP was significantly correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.58) with the vertical Me position. Significant relapse (T32) was observed after CR in the horizontal (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.72) and vertical (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.82) Me positions. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Pharyngeal airway space narrowed postoperatively, and its patency was appropriately maintained through natural physiological regulation of the craniovertebral angle (C2C4\u2010SN). Significant postoperative relapse was correlated with CR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3283080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T23:31:05Z","timestamp":1580427065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Postoperative Skeletal Stability and Pharyngeal Airway: Counterclockwise versus Clockwise Rotation during Mandibular Setback 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