{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:25:06Z","timestamp":1791951906509,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics and herbal products on the intestinal histomorphological and immunological development in piglets. Accordingly, 2-week-old piglets were allocated in 4 groups: C (basal diet), Pro (basal diet\u2009+\u2009probiotics), Pro+B (basal diet\u2009+\u2009probiotics\u2009+\u2009buckwheat bran), and H (powder of herbs). After 6 weeks of the experiment, 4 piglets from each experimental group were randomly selected and slaughtered at a slaughterhouse. Samples of tissue and digestive content from the jejunum and colon were collected for bacteriological, histological, and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that probiotics increased the number of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> spp. in the small <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> and large intestines. The intestinal histomorphology was improved <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> in all experimental groups by an increased villus height, VH\u2009:\u2009CD ration, colon crypt depth, and number of Ki-67<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> epithelial cells. A higher number <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> of goblet cells and their acidification were observed in group Pro, while the density of goblet cells was decreased by the herbs. Probiotics increased <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), density of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in Peyer\u2019s patches (PPs), and lamina propria (LP). In group H, a dual effect on the CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell distribution was observed. The herbs reduced <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> the number of IELs and CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> in LP but increased the distribution of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in PPs. In the colon, herbs increased CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in LP as well. It suggests that probiotics and herbs had influence on the intestinal histomorphology and the ability to modulate the mucosal immune system; however, the combination of probiotics and buckwheat bran was not so convincing, probably due to the inhibitory effect of the buckwheat bran on the probiotics used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3461768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T23:30:48Z","timestamp":1587771048000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of Probiotics and Herbal Products on Intestinal Histomorphological and Immunological Development in Piglets"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0784-7354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daiga","family":"G\u0101li\u0146a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liel\u0101 iela 2, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-6197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u012bga","family":"Ansonska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment \u201cBIOR\u201d, Lejupes iela 3, R\u012bga, LV-1076, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anda","family":"Valdovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liel\u0101 iela 2, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0138-0"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2003.596"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.12.007"},{"key":"4","year":"2017"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.06.007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.803s"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5436738"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.06.117"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-69"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.07.035"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.09.018"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0043933913000032"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.09.001"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.152"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2017.05.002"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.07.034"},{"key":"18","year":"1997"},{"key":"19","year":"2008"},{"key":"20","first-page":"144","volume":"52","year":"1998","journal-title":"Latvian Academy of Sciences. 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