{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:38:39Z","timestamp":1747190319194,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eastern Visayas State University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To expedite the discovery of novel molluscicides in the laboratory, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of a new molluscicidal assay. This assay is based on <jats:italic>Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi<\/jats:italic> snails and is called miniaturized plate test or <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic>. To perform this assay, a 12-well plate, 3 snails per well, and 24-h exposure period were used. The performance of <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> was evaluated using niclosamide and <jats:italic>Ardisia<\/jats:italic> plant extract (tagpo extract) as test substances while WHO\u2019s guidelines for a conventional plate test (<jats:italic>cpt<\/jats:italic>) served as standard. One <jats:italic>cpt<\/jats:italic> and four <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> independent trials were performed for niclosamide and tagpo extract. Probit analysis of dose\u2013response data was run in R to generate lethal concentrations (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> and LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>), while lethal ratio test was performed to detect significant difference between paired LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>s (or LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>s). Using niclosamide, the calculated LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values were 0.104, 0.127, 0.136, 0.139, and 0.140\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for <jats:italic>cpt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 1, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 2, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 3, and <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 4, respectively, while the LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> values were 0.266, 0.268, 0.244, 0.251, and 0.261\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, using the same sequence, respectively. For tagpo extract, the LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values were 1.467, 1.547, 1.659, 1.797, and 1.659\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, for <jats:italic>cpt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 1, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 2, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 3, and <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 4, respectively, and the LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>s were 2.188, 2.195, 2.501, 2.358, and 2.501\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively. The lethal ratio test revealed that a significant difference exists between the LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>s of <jats:italic>cpt<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 1 when using niclosamide with a lethal ratio and confidence limits of 0.820 (0.663, 0.977, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and another significant difference between LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>s of <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 1 and <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> 3 using tagpo extract with computed lethal ratio and confidence limits of 0.861 (0.782, 0.939, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Taken together, the results point out that <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> generates accurate and reproducible lethal concentration values. Hence, <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> may be used as an alternative method to screen molluscicides that are active against schistosome snail vectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3827125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T18:31:53Z","timestamp":1580322713000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A New Method to Test Molluscicides against the Philippine Schistosomiasis Snail Vectors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1168-2129","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darwin C.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Schistosomiasis Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Visayas State University, Tacloban City 6500, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Anacta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Schistosomiasis Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Visayas State University, Tacloban City 6500, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.10.002"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708729114"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010138"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0521-0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(82)90064-x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci5040094"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0535-7"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01539-15"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5649-x"},{"key":"11","first-page":"429","volume":"434","year":"1995","journal-title":"Strategies for Market Oriented Greenhouse Production"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.01.102"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2313-3","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3673197"},{"issue":"4","key":"15","first-page":"567","volume":"33","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.3030411125"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-014-9752-0"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315373775"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.12.1630"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.09.037"},{"volume":"10","year":"2012","key":"21"},{"year":"2017","key":"22"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146021"},{"issue":"2","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761995000200011","volume":"90","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Memoirs of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/3827125.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/3827125.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/3827125.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T18:31:56Z","timestamp":1580322716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/3827125\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["3827125","3827125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/3827125","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0023","2090-0031"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-0023"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-0031"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]}}}