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In this study, we examined paratuberculosis cases among 2\u20134\u2010year\u2010old dairy cows at farms in Shandong Province, China. Paratuberculosis cases were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, and histopathological inspection. Characteristics of paratuberculosis in the affected dairy cattle included poor body condition, persistent diarrhea, subcutaneous edema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis, and hepatitis. Acid\u2010fast bacilli from fecal specimens and lymphocytes were putatively identified as MAP based on Ziehl\u2010Neelsen staining, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction\u2010based testing and matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry analyses. Overall, only one MAP strain was isolated from a herd with symptomatic diarrhea. However, analysis of 586 serum samples from nine herds in Tai\u2019an City revealed that 66.7% of herds and 14.2% of animals were seropositive for MAP. Our findings suggest that paratuberculosis is widely prevalent and therefore a significant threat to the dairy industry in Tai\u2019an City, Shandong Province, China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3896754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T23:30:55Z","timestamp":1584142255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characteristics and Epidemiological Investigation of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Tai\u2019an, China"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Zilong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4039-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengda","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8844-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1746-1751.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.5.966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2008.0226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1068.1000117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.1093931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","first-page":"222","article-title":"Present situation of cattle industry of Shandong in 2016 and its development forecast","volume":"45","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Analysis on Beef Cattle Industry in China by SWOT","volume":"32","author":"Li J. 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