{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:35:08Z","timestamp":1790836508729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007103","name":"Semnan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.SEMUMS.AC.REC.1397.34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.SEMUMS.AC.REC.1397.34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>. Orofacial chronic neuropathic pain commonly occurs following trigeminal nerve injuries. We investigated whether swimming exercise can reduce trigeminal neuropathic pain through improving antioxidant capacity.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Twenty-eight Wistar rats of either sex and 180\u2013220 grams were divided into 4 groups as sham, neuropathy, neuropathy\u2009+\u2009single bout exercise, and neuropathy\u2009+\u20092 weeks of exercise. Trigeminal neuropathy was carried out through chronic constriction injury (CCI) of infraorbital nerve. Protocols of exercise were included a single bout session (45 minutes) and a 2-week (45 minutes\/day\/6 days a week) swimming exercise. Mechanical allodynia was detected using Von Frey filaments. The activity of the serum antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxides dismutase was assayed using ELISA kits.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We found that CCI significantly reduced facial pain threshold in both sexes (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Both swimming exercise protocols significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in female rats compared to the sham group; however, only 2 weeks of exercise were significantly effective in male rats. The activity of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) decreased following CCI in female rats against that in the sham group and 2-week exercise significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) increased it toward the control level. The levels of glutathione peroxidase in male rats and superoxidase dismutase in both sexes were not significantly different compared to their sham groups.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Swimming exercise alleviates trigeminal neuropathic pain in both sexes. Oxidative stress as a possible mechanism was involved in the effect of exercise on female rat trigeminal neuropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3939757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T23:31:24Z","timestamp":1593473484000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sex Difference in Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Response to Exercise: Role of Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rostami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-0289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sahar","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 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