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St-Hill popularly known as \u201cvelame do campo\u201d is a native species of the savannah from northeastern Brazil, being used in folk medicine due to its beneficial effects in the treatment of many diseases, inflammation, detoxification, gastritis, and syphilis; however, its potential use as an antidote against organophosphorus compound poisoning has not yet been shown. Here, the protective effect of the methanolic fraction of <jats:italic>C. campestris<\/jats:italic> A. St.-Hill (MFCC) in <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> exposed to chlorpyrifos (CP) was investigated. Flies were exposed to CP and MFCC during 48\u2009h through the diet. Following the treatments, parameters such as mortality, locomotor behavior, and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Exposure of flies to CP induced significant impairments in survival and locomotor performance. In parallel, increased reactive oxygen species and lipoperoxidation occurred. In addition, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was inhibited by CP, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activity was induced. Treatment with MFCC resulted in a blockage of all CP-induced effects, with the exception of glutathione S-transferase. Among the major compounds found in MFCC, only gallic acid (GA) showed a protective role against CP while quercetin and caffeic acid alone were ineffective. When in combination, these compounds avoided the toxicity of CP at the same level as GA. As far as we know, this is the first study reporting the protective effect of MFCC against organophosphate toxicity <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and highlights the biotechnological potential of this fraction attributing a major role in mediating the observed effects to GA. Therefore, MFCC may be considered a promising source for the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of organophosphate intoxications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3960170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]],"date-time":"2020-03-22T23:30:18Z","timestamp":1584919818000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Croton campestris<\/i> A. St.-Hill Methanolic Fraction in a Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity Model in <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>: Protective Role of Gallic Acid"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Karen Kich","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulianna Echeverria","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathane Rosa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Camila","family":"Ziech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Illana Kemmerich","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Ferreira","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"de Brum Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Augusti","family":"Boligon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Elizaudo","family":"de Brito Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin R. A.","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3874-8618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeferson Luis","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6491-5854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Posser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary 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